Ukususela ekusekweni kwayo, iityhubhu zeX-reyi zonyango ziye zadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-diagnostic imaging revolution. Le mibhobho yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoomatshini beX-reyi evumela oogqirha ukuba babone ngaphakathi kwizigulana kwaye baxilonge iimeko ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Ukuqonda ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kweetyhubhu zeX-reyi zonyango kunokuphucula ukuqonda kwethu inkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe etyhala umfanekiso woxilongo ukuya phezulu.
Undoqo we-aityhubhu yeX-reyi yonyangoinamacandelo amabini aphambili: i-cathode kunye ne-anode, ezisebenzisanayo ukuvelisa umqadi we-X-reyi. I-cathode isebenza njengomthombo wee-electron ngelixa i-anode isebenza njengento ekujoliswe kuyo kwezi electron. Xa amandla ombane esetyenziselwa ityhubhu, i-cathode ikhupha umlambo wee-electron, ogxininise kwaye ukhawuleze kwi-anode.
I-cathode yi-filament evuthayo, edla ngokwenziwa nge-tungsten, ekhupha ii-electron ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-thermionic emission. Umsinga wombane onamandla utshisa i-filament, ebangela ukuba ii-electron zibaleke kumphezulu wazo kwaye zenze ifu leengqungquthela ezimbi. Ikomityi yokugxila eyenziwe nge-nickel ke yenza ilifu leelektroni libe ngumqadi omxinwa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi lombhobho, i-anode isebenza njengento ekujoliswe kuyo kwii-electron ezikhutshwa yi-cathode. I-anode ihlala yenziwe nge-tungsten okanye enye into ephezulu ye-athomu ye-athomu ngenxa yendawo ephezulu yokunyibilika kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukumelana nobushushu obukhulu obuveliswa yi-electron bombardment. Xa ii-electron ezinesantya esiphezulu zingqubana ne<em>anode, zikhawuleza zicothe, zikhupha amandla ngendlela yee<em>X-ray photon.
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kuyilo lwetyhubhu ye-X-ray kukukwazi ukutshabalalisa ubushushu obuninzi obuveliswe ngexesha lokusebenza. Ukufezekisa oku, ityhubhu ye-X-ray ixhotyiswe ngenkqubo yokupholisa ephucukileyo ukukhusela ukufudumala kunye nokuwohloka kwe-anode. Ezi nkqubo zokupholisa zibandakanya ukujikeleza kweoyile okanye amanzi ajikeleze i-anode, ukufunxa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuchitha ubushushu.
Umbhobho we-X-ray okhutshwe ityhubhu uphinda ulungiswe kwaye uqondiswe yi-collimators, elawula ubungakanani, ubuninzi kunye nokuma kwentsimi ye-X-ray. Oku kuvumela oogqirha ukuba bagxile kwii-X-reyi ngokuchanekileyo kwiindawo ezinomdla, ukunciphisa ukuvezwa kwemitha ngokungeyomfuneko kwizigulana.
Ukuphuhliswa kweetyhubhu ze-X-ray zonyango ziguqule i-imaging yokuxilonga ngokunika oogqirha isixhobo esingenasiphelo sokujonga izakhiwo zomzimba zangaphakathi. I-X-rays ibonakalise ukuba ixabiseke kakhulu ekuboneni ukuphuka kwamathambo, ukuchonga amathumba kunye nokuphanda izifo ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, itekhnoloji yeX-ray iye yavela ukuze ibandakanye i-computed tomography (CT), i-fluoroscopy, kunye ne-mammography, ngakumbi ukwandisa amandla ayo okuxilonga.
Ngaphandle koncedo oluninzi lweetyhubhu zeX-reyi, iingozi ezinokubakho ezinxulumene nokuba sesichengeni ngemitha kufuneka kuvunywe. Iingcali zonyango ziqeqeshelwe ukulungelelanisa iingenelo ze-X-reyi yokucinga kunye nobungozi obunokubakho bemitha egqithisileyo. Iiprothokholi ezingqongqo zokhuseleko kunye nokujongwa kwethamo lemitha kuqinisekisa ukuba izigulane zifumana ulwazi oluyimfuneko loxilongo ngelixa kuncitshiswa ukuba sesichengeni ngemitha.
Isishwankathelo,imibhobho X-reyi zonyangobaye baguqula umfanekiso wokuxilonga ngokuvumela oogqirha ukuba bahlolisise ukusebenza kwangaphakathi komzimba womntu ngaphandle kweenkqubo ezihlaselayo. Uyilo oluntsonkothileyo lwetyhubhu ye-X-ray kunye ne-cathode yayo, i-anode kunye nenkqubo yokupholisa ivelisa imifanekiso ye-X-ray ephezulu ukuze incede ekuxilongweni ngokuchanekileyo. Njengoko itekhnoloji iqhubeka nokuhambela phambili, sinokulindela uphuculo olongezelelweyo kwimifanekiso yeX-ray ukuze kuxhamle izigulana kunye nabasebenzi bezempilo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-28-2023