Ukususela ekusekweni kwayo, iityhubhu ze-X-ray zonyango zidlale indima ebalulekileyo kwinguquko yokujonga imifanekiso yokuxilonga. Ezi tyhubhu ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoomatshini be-X-ray abavumela oogqirha ukuba babone ngaphakathi kwizigulana kwaye baxilonge iimeko ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Ukuqonda ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kweetyhubhu ze-X-ray zonyango kunokuphucula ukuqonda kwethu ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji etyhalela imifanekiso yokuxilonga kwinqanaba elitsha.
Ingundoqo yeityhubhu ye-X-ray yezonyangoIqulathe izinto ezimbini eziphambili: i-cathode kunye ne-anode, ezisebenzisana ukuvelisa umqadi we-X-reyi. I-cathode isebenza njengomthombo wee-electron ngelixa i-anode isebenza njengethagethi yezi electron. Xa amandla ombane esetyenziswa kwityhubhu, i-cathode ikhupha umjelo wee-electron, ezijoliswe kwaye zikhawuleziswe ziye kwi-anode.
I-cathode yi-filament eshushu, edla ngokwenziwa nge-tungsten, ekhupha ii-electron ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-thermionic emission. Umbane onamandla ufudumeza i-filament, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ii-electron ziphume kumphezulu wazo kwaye zenze ilifu lamasuntswana atshajwe kakubi. Ikomityi yokugxila eyenziwe nge-nickel emva koko yenza ilifu lee-electron libe ngumqadi omxinwa.
Kwelinye icala lombhobho, i-anode isebenza njengethagethi yee-electron ezikhutshwa yi-cathode. I-anode idla ngokwenziwa nge-tungsten okanye ezinye izinto ze-atomic number eziphezulu ngenxa yendawo yayo yokunyibilika ephezulu kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukumelana nobushushu obukhulu obuveliswa yi-electron bombardment. Xa ii-electron ezikhawulezayo zingqubana ne-anode, zikhawuleza zicothe, zikhuphe amandla ngendlela ye-X-ray photons.
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kuyilo lwetyhubhu ye-X-ray kukukwazi ukukhupha ubushushu obuninzi obuveliswayo ngexesha lokusebenza. Ukuze kufezekiswe oku, ityhubhu ye-X-ray ixhotyiswe ngenkqubo yokupholisa ephucukileyo ukuthintela ubushushu obugqithisileyo kunye nokuwohloka kwe-anode. Ezi nkqubo zokupholisa zihlala ziquka ukujikeleza kweoyile okanye amanzi ajikeleze i-anode, zifunxa kwaye zichithe ubushushu ngempumelelo.
Umqadi we-X-reyi okhutshwa yityhubhu uphinda umile kwaye uqondiswe zii-collimators, ezilawula ubungakanani, ubukhali kunye nokuma kwentsimi ye-X-reyi. Oku kuvumela oogqirha ukuba bagxile kwi-X-reyi ngokuchanekileyo kwiindawo ezinomdla, bethintela ukuvezwa kwemitha engeyomfuneko kwizigulana.
Uphuhliso lweetyhubhu ze-X-ray zonyango lutshintshe indlela yokubona izifo ngokunika oogqirha isixhobo esingangenisi ntsholongwane sokubona izakhiwo zomzimba zangaphakathi. Ii-X-ray ziye zabonakala zibaluleke kakhulu ekufumaneni ukwaphuka kwamathambo, ukuchonga iithumba kunye nokuphanda izifo ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, iteknoloji ye-X-ray iphuhlile yaza yaquka i-computed tomography (CT), i-fluoroscopy, kunye ne-mammography, nto leyo eyandisa ngakumbi amandla ayo okuxilonga.
Nangona kukho iingenelo ezininzi zeetyhubhu ze-X-ray, iingozi ezinokubakho ezinxulumene nokuvezwa kwimitha kufuneka ziqatshelwe. Iingcali zonyango ziqeqeshwe ukulinganisela iingenelo zokuboniswa kwe-X-ray kunye neengozi ezinokubakho zokukhanya okugqithisileyo. Iinkqubo zokhuseleko oluqinileyo kunye nokubeka iliso kwidosi yemitha kuqinisekisa ukuba izigulana zifumana ulwazi oluyimfuneko lokuxilonga ngelixa zinciphisa ukuvezwa kwimitha.
Isishwankathelo,iityhubhu ze-X-ray zonyangoziye zaguqula indlela yokufota ngokuvumela oogqirha ukuba bahlole ukusebenza kwangaphakathi komzimba womntu ngaphandle kweenkqubo zokungenelela. Uyilo oluntsonkothileyo lwetyhubhu ye-X-ray ene-cathode yayo, i-anode kunye nenkqubo yokupholisa ivelisa imifanekiso ye-X-ray esemgangathweni ophezulu ukunceda ekuxilongeni ngokuchanekileyo. Njengoko ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buhambela phambili, sinokulindela uphuculo oluthe kratya kwi-X-ray yokufota ukuze kuzuze izigulana kunye neengcali zempilo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-28-2023