Yintoni ityhubhu ye-x-ray?

Iityhubhu ze-X-ray zii-diode ze-vacuum ezisebenza ngevolthi ephezulu.
Ityhubhu ye-X-reyi inee-electrode ezimbini, i-anode kunye ne-cathode, ezisetyenziselwa ukuba ithagethi iqhunyiswe ngee-electron kunye ne-filament ukuze ikhuphe ii-electron, ngokulandelelana. Zombini iipali zivalwe kwiglasi ephezulu ye-vacuum okanye kwiindawo ze-ceramic.

Icandelo lombane letyhubhu ye-X-ray liqulathe ubuncinane umbane ophantsi we-voltage yokufudumeza i-filament kunye nejenereyitha ye-voltage ephezulu yokufaka i-voltage ephezulu kwiipali ezimbini. Xa ucingo lwe-tungsten ludlula umbane owaneleyo ukwenza ilifu le-electron, kwaye kusetyenziswa i-voltage eyaneleyo (ngokwe-kilovolts) phakathi kwe-anode kunye ne-cathode, ilifu le-electron litsalwa liye kwi-anode. Ngeli xesha, ii-electron zibetha ithagethi ye-tungsten kwimeko yamandla aphezulu kunye nesantya esiphezulu. Ii-electron zesantya esiphezulu zifikelela kumphezulu wethagethi, kwaye intshukumo yazo iyavalwa ngequbuliso. Inxalenye encinci yamandla azo e-kinetic iguqulwa ibe ngamandla e-radiation kwaye ikhutshwe ngohlobo lwe-X-rays. I-radiation eveliswa ngolu hlobo ibizwa ngokuba yi-bremsstrahlung.

Ukutshintsha umsinga wefilament kunokutshintsha ubushushu befilament kunye nobungakanani bee-elektroni ezikhutshwayo, ngaloo ndlela kutshintsha umsinga wetyhubhu kunye nobukhali be-X-ray. Ukutshintsha amandla okuxhokonxa ityhubhu ye-X-ray okanye ukukhetha ithagethi eyahlukileyo kunokutshintsha amandla e-X-ray eyenzekileyo okanye ubunzima kumandla ahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yokuqhuma kwee-elektroni ezinamandla aphezulu, ityhubhu ye-X-ray isebenza kubushushu obuphezulu, obufuna ukupholisa okunyanzelekileyo kwethagethi ye-anode.

Nangona ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kweetyhubhu ze-X-ray ukuvelisa ii-X-ray kuphantsi kakhulu, okwangoku, iityhubhu ze-X-ray zisezezona zixhobo zisebenzayo zokuvelisa ii-X-ray kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo ze-X-ray. Okwangoku, ukusetyenziswa kwezonyango kwahlulwe ngokubanzi kwiityhubhu ze-X-ray zokuxilonga kunye neetyhubhu ze-X-ray zonyango.